The planning
14 May 2009 - 18:09
The planning, also well-known like planning or planning, consists of the process through what the present situation is analyzed (where we are), settles down objectives (where we want to arrive), and defines the strategies and courses of action (how we are going to arrive) necessary to reach these objectives.
Whatever size of a company, the planning is fundamental for the success of this one, since it serves as it bases for the other administrative functions (organization, coordination and control), and allows to reduce the uncertainty and to diminish the risks.
Process of the planning
The steps necessary to realize a planning or planning, are the following:
1. Present situation analysis
In the first place we must make an analysis, that allow us to know the situation the surroundings and to detect opportunities and threats, and an in-core analysis external, that allows us to know the state or capacity the company and to detect strengths and weaknesses.
In the external analysis we will evaluate economic, social, governmental, technological the forces; as well as to the competition, clients and suppliers. We will evaluate aspects that already exist, as well as aspects that could exist (tendencies).
And in in-core analysis we will evaluate the resources whereupon it counts the company, already are financiers, humans, materials, technological, etc.
2. To establish objectives
Once realized the situation analysis, we happened to establish the objectives of the company, according to the resources or the capacity that this one owns, and according to the external surroundings that we have analyzed.
3. To formulate strategies
Once we have established the objectives, we happened to determine the strategies or the actions that we are going to take, necessary to reach these objectives.
4. To design programs or plans of action
Once determined the strategies or the actions that we are going to take, we happened to develop to the programs or plans of action, that consist of documents where specific how they are going away to reach the proposed objectives, that is to say, how it is going away to implement or to execute the formulated strategies or actions.
In these programs or plans, we must specify:
- the steps to follow: what tasks are going away to realize, necessary to implement or to execute the strategies or action.
- the resource allocation: what resources are going away to use and how they are going away to distribute.
- the people in charge: who will be the ones in charge to carry out, to implement or to execute the strategies or action.
- the cronogram with dates and times: when the strategies or actions will be implemented or executed, and in what time will obtain results.
- the budget: how much the implementation or execution of the strategies or action will be reversed in.
Types of planning
The planning in a company, basically can be of two types: strategic planning and tactical planning:
Strategic planning
In the strategic planning the present situation is analyzed, the general missions of the company settle down, and strategies, courses of action and plans strategic are designed necessary to reach these objectives; plans that affect a great variety of activities and that seem simple and generic.
The strategic planning is realized concerning the organization, that is to say, considers an approach global of the company, reason why it must be elaborated by the cupola of the company, and to be realized long term, in theory, for a period of 5 years to more, although actually usually it is realized for a period of 3 to 5 years, due to the changes of the market.
Tactical planning
In the tactical planning the present situation is analyzed, the specific objectives or goals of the company settle down, and strategies, tactical courses of action and plans are designed necessary to achieve these objectives; plans that unlike the strategic plans, have a closer and limited reach, and settle down in detail.
The tactical planning is realized at a functional level, that is to say, considers only each department or area of the company, reason why it must be made by the people in charge or heads of each area, and to be realized to medium term, for a period of 1 to 3 years.
Labels: Concepts, Management of businesses, Step by step
Compártelo
Related contents:
- Importance and characteristics of the planning
- The strategic planning
- In-core analysis: strengths and weaknesses
- Functions of the marketing area
